The National Security Strategy published by the United States in December 2025 explains, without hiding behind conventional diplomatic language, how Washington intends to manage the world from now on. The document’s central idea is simple: the United States will remain at the centre of the global order, but it will no longer bear alone the military, political and economic costs of keeping that order in place.
The expression used in the document is “burden-sharing.” Yet the system it describes is not so much about sharing the burden equally as it is about transferring as much of it as possible to allies and partners. Countries are being asked to assume primary responsibility for security in their own regions.
Washington is not withdrawing under this new arrangement. It is merely changing its position. Instead of being the state that fights on the front lines, pays for reconstruction and assumes the political risks, it is becoming the state that designs the system, brings the parties together, distributes the responsibilities and oversees the results.
The National Security Strategy makes no attempt to conceal this either. It states that the United States will act as a “convener and supporter,” while regional responsibilities will be assumed by its partners. Countries willing to accept greater responsibilities are promised trade advantages, technology-sharing and preferential access to defence procurement. In other words, Washington will establish new partnerships, place certain prospects of gain before its partners and, in return, transfer to them a portion of the security obligations determined by Washington itself.
This policy is even more clearly visible in the section dealing with the Middle East. Even the title of that section is sufficiently revealing: “Shift the Burdens, Build the Peace.” The United States does not want the energy resources of the Persian Gulf to fall into the hands of a hostile power, the Strait of Hormuz or the Red Sea to be closed, or Israel’s security to be placed in danger. These remain fundamental American interests. What Washington no longer wishes to do is pay the entire cost of protecting those interests from its own budget.
The new governance and reconstruction arrangement prepared for Gaza is one of the first major applications of this approach. While the chairmanship and strategic supervision of the Board of Peace will remain in Washington, Gaza’s day-to-day administration is to be entrusted to technocrats, security is to be provided by an international stabilisation force, and the necessary funds for reconstruction are to be raised from regional countries and international capital.
The Board’s responsibilities are not limited to administration and security. Reconstruction, attracting investment, large-scale financing and the mobilisation of capital are also integral parts of the system. The United States thus prepares the plan, establishes the administrative structure and retains political control, while leaving a substantial part of the military risk, administrative responsibility and cost of reconstruction to other countries.
The Mecca Joint Defence Agreement is the second major regional arrangement to emerge during the same period. Signed by Türkiye, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan on 7 August 2026, the agreement accepts that an armed attack against any one of the parties will be regarded as an attack against all three. Saudi Arabia, with its economic strength and energy resources; Türkiye, with its military capacity and defence industry; and Pakistan, with its large army and the shadow of its nuclear deterrence, have thus come together within a new security structure.
The declared scope of the agreement is not limited to political solidarity. It provides for the establishment of high-level military and political coordination mechanisms, joint exercises in the land, maritime, air and cyber domains, and the development of joint production and technology transfers in the defence industry. Responsibility for securing the Middle East is increasingly being left to the states of the region itself.
There is no publicly disclosed document directly demonstrating that the Mecca Agreement was prepared or directed by Washington. Nevertheless, there is a striking degree of consistency between the consequences of the agreement and the United States National Security Strategy. Three American partners are assuming greater military and financial responsibility for the security of their own region, while Washington preserves its position at the centre of the system through alliances, arms sales, technology, intelligence and diplomatic influence.
The issue, therefore, is not an American withdrawal from the region. The United States intends to reduce its military burden while maintaining its political and economic control. Washington’s objective is not to abandon the Middle East, but to manage it at a lower cost.
Moreover, transferring responsibility for regional security to the countries of the region will not cause the United States any economic loss. On the contrary, new defence arrangements will create new requirements for weapons, technology, training, maintenance and logistics. The presidential executive order issued in February 2026, which calls for the creation of an “America First Arms Transfer Strategy,” explicitly states that foreign arms purchases and foreign capital will be used to expand the production capacity of the American defence industry. Regional countries will acquire more weapons, spend more money and assume greater political risks in order to perform their new duties. A substantial share of this expenditure will flow back into American industry.
The emerging order can be summarised clearly: others will pay for the reconstruction of Gaza, soldiers from other countries will provide its security, regional states will bear the initial risks of regional conflicts, and a substantial proportion of the weapons required by the new defence systems will be purchased from the United States. In return, Washington will continue to design the political architecture, direct the economic opportunities and define the boundaries of the security order.
In other words, the United States is shifting the costs, but it is not preparing to share the profits.
Yet one final question must be asked:
Why have the participating countries accepted—with such eagerness and, at times, even enthusiasm—arrangements that impose such heavy military, economic and political obligations in the name of rebuilding the region and ensuring its security?
States do not assume the costs of plans prepared by others so readily unless they expect to receive something of considerable value in return. If the publicly disclosed benefits do not compensate for the risks being assumed, there is reason to suspect that the true balance sheet of these agreements contains other items that have not yet been revealed.
What has been promised to the participating countries? Trade privileges, technology transfers, security guarantees or regional spheres of influence—or perhaps a new series of concessions and reciprocal commitments of which we are not yet aware?
The declared obligations are plain to see. What remains undisclosed is the true price paid in return for accepting those heavy obligations.