Information regarding the historical background of relations between Turkey and the European Union is readily available from countless sources. Therefore, the issue here is not the history of the relationship itself, but rather the political reality that has emerged today.
The double-tongued European bureaucracy has effectively positioned itself against Turkey. The reasons offered are so numerous and varied that Brussels has become highly skilled at producing new justifications whenever necessary. More importantly, the diplomatic courtesy that once concealed many objections is gradually disappearing. Issues that were previously expressed indirectly are now openly presented as preconditions, while the rules themselves are rewritten by the European Union whenever circumstances require it.
Examples of this trend continue to multiply. The recognition of Southern Cyprus and the acceptance of a federal solution on the island are increasingly being presented as direct preconditions. France is able to sign defense cooperation agreements with Greece and Southern Cyprus and openly declare that it would stand by them in the event of an attack. Yet when Turkey’s security concerns are raised, many of the same actors prefer to adopt a very different tone.
Equally striking is the contrast in the European Union’s strategic priorities. For reasons that remain difficult to explain, strategic partnership with South Korea—a country that is not even located in Europe—is advancing rapidly, while Turkey, which has been intertwined with European institutions for more than half a century, continues to be kept in the waiting room.
This naturally raises an important question: Are the criteria really the problem, or are political preferences hiding behind those criteria?
Many of the criticisms directed at Turkey have changed over time, evolved into new forms, or simply been replaced by new conditions. At one stage economic criteria were emphasized; at another, political reforms became the primary focus; later, entirely different requirements emerged. Yet one element has remained constant throughout the process: full membership has always been kept just beyond reach.
For that reason, it is necessary to acknowledge that the issue is no longer technical but political. Technical problems can be solved. Political preferences produce results only when they change.
The reality is that the European Union’s view of Turkey and Turkey’s view of the European Union no longer meet at the same point. Although both sides continue to speak as if they are pursuing a common destination, they are increasingly looking in different directions.
The world itself is changing as well. The European Union is no longer the Europe that existed when the integration project was originally conceived. Global centers of power are diversifying, new trade corridors are emerging, and the international system is gradually evolving toward a more multipolar structure. Likewise, Turkey is no longer the Turkey of half a century ago. Its economic capacity, regional influence, defense industry, and foreign policy priorities have all undergone significant transformation.
At this stage, the issue is no longer whether Turkey is ready for European Union membership. The real question is whether the European Union possesses the political will to accept Turkey as a full member. The answer to that question is found not in official statements, but in political decisions.
Brussels continues to generate new conditions, revise old ones, and constantly redefine the accession process. Requirements that were once presented as technical criteria have gradually become political preconditions, while political preconditions themselves have evolved into an increasingly explicit mechanism of veto. As a result, the process now resembles less a genuine accession negotiation and more a long-running political comedy whose outcome has already been decided.
At this point, the issue has ceased to be a membership negotiation. Negotiations only have meaning when both parties genuinely seek the same destination. Today, however, one side continues to speak about membership, while the other is no longer debating the conditions of membership but the very idea of membership itself.
Perhaps the most appropriate question today is this:
The issue is not why the European Union refuses to admit Turkey.
The issue is why Turkey continues to wait for admission.
Neither the European Union is the Europe it once was, nor is Turkey the country it was half a century ago. The world has changed, power centers have shifted, and economic and political realities have been fundamentally reshaped.
Under such circumstances, realism does not lie in repeating a goal that has repeatedly failed to materialize. Realism lies in developing a new strategy suited to new conditions.
Slowly but inevitably, the time is coming for everyone to go their separate ways. Some partnerships are built upon mutual political will; some separations merely formalize a reality that has long existed but remained unacknowledged.